Identify and compare different business and management practices Essay

Identify and compare different business and management practices between US, European and Asian firms - Essay Example This essay is organized as follows. Section 2 gives an overall comparison of management and business practice performance of firms across various countries in terms of different dimensions. Section 3 identifies and compares the differences in management and business practice performance of US, European and Asian firms in terms of their organization structure. Section 4 identifies and compares the differences in management and business practice performance of US ,European and Asian firms in terms of their decision making process. Section 5 identifies and compares the differences in management and business practice performance of US, European and Asian firms in terms of their equity (ownership) structure. Section 6 concludes the essay. Bloom and Reenen(2010) measured the differences in the management and business practices across firms and countries and observed the following patterns. The firms with better performance were having better management practices. The study showed only very few badly managed firms in US while large number of Brazilin and Indian firms in that category. Different countries perform better in different dimensions of management like US firms performing better in incentive terms while Swedish firms perform well in monitoring terms as shown b y the study. The study showed multinationals being well managed in all country while the government firms badly managed than private equity firms or firms with publicly quoted share prices. In addition to these, the study showed firms with more human capital performing well than others. Moreover the family owned firms with the family member as CEO were seen to be managed badly in this study. Based on an interview with managers from different countries on 18 management practices scores were given from 1 to 5 for each firm in the study. The three dimensions of management practices were measured in this regard namely monitoring, incentives and targets for almost 6000

Aviation and Climate Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aviation and Climate Change - Essay Example Due to increase in number of fights, aircraft emissions can affect climate considerably. Carbon dioxide and water do so directly, others effects like production of ozone in the troposphere, alteration of methane life time, formation of contrails and modified cirrus cloudiness, are indirect causes. The emissions that can affect stratospheric ozone i.e. nitrogen oxides, particulates and water vapors, do so indirectly by modifying chemical balance in the stratosphere. Airports growth again is directly affect the climate because expansion or growth of airport need space and may destroy the ecological balance of the place in particular and have overall impact in general. Manchester airport, which accounts for almost 8.8% of UK civil air transport movement, generates proportion of the pollution from UK aircraft. It would translate into 88,000 tones of carbon from its civil air traffic alone (Manchester Green Party briefing on Emissions charging at Manchester airport, 2nd edition, December 2003). Assessment of Cost-benefit: The ground traffic stimulated by the airport results in emission increase. Manchester airport has experienced increase of almost double number of passengers in last 10 Years, this has increased the frequency of flight to, and form Manchester with the existing felicities at the airport but due to this congestion has increased. Due to increase in air traffic Manchester airport operator experienced, increase in its income considerably. Growth in the earnings of airport was due to more landing, parking charges etc. directly and customer inflow indirectly increases the earning. In comparison to other major airports in Europe, Manchester experience little growth in terms of numbers of runways. Due to congestion, cost of flying could not be quantified directly. Now it has been increased almost to double. It has been calculated that average direct cost to the airline of every minute that an aircraft was delayed is 21.80 pound/passenger in 2002. If we calculate co st of delays for Manchester airport where average delay is around 13.1minute with 175000 flights with 23.4pound/ minute, it costs 53 million pound (http://www.caa.co.uk/docs/80/airport_data/2002annual/Table_04_1_Air_Transport_Movements_2002.pdf .). This is direct cost of congestion. Congestion and delay costs the passengers heavily. This delay and congestion cost do not include the environmental cost incurred. However, there are also indirect costs of delays. Environmental/climate impacts: Congestion also has negative environmental impact as more and more planes are forced to burn more fuel for longer as they delayed on runways or circulating around airports, leading both to increased carbon emissions, additional aeronautical noise and lower air quality for local residents. Surface congestion around airports as both passengers and staff travel to or from the airport can have similar environmental impacts as well as economic costs. These costs to three other significant environmental impacts arising from air traffic i.e., aeronautical noise, local air quality and emission of greenhouse gases affecting climate change. One of the major area where air transportation affect, is the more use of aviation fuel. It consumes almost 13% of fossil fuels used in transportation. The amount of CO2 formed from the combusting of aircraft fuel is determined by the total amount of carbon in the fuel because CO2 is an